![]() ![]() ![]() ![]() strain CCCryo 231-06, isolated from permafrost soil and rock substrates in Victoria Land, Antarctica, was selected and used as a microbial species for the Biology and Mars Experiment (BIOMEX) on the International Space Station (ISS)( De Vera et al., 2019). HK-01 were found alive after long-term high vacuum and UV exposure and were able to grow on analogous Martian soil, and thus were proposed for experimentation under space environmental conditions ( Kimura et al., 2014). For example, dried colonies of Nostoc sp. Therefore, Nostoc species have been of great interest for the astrobiology community and the search of life on Mars mainly because of their dessication and freezing resistance and ultraviolet (UV) tolerance ( Wang et al., 2010 Kimura et al., 2017a, 2017b). ![]() The successful survival of Nostoc species in these habitats is largely due to their ability to recover their metabolic activities within days after rehydration even though they have been dessicated for years. Colonies of Nostoc species have been found in extreme environmental conditions, from freezing and dry Antarctic valleys and the Arctic to hot desert soils and springs ( Dodds et al., 1995 Potts, 2000). Nostoc is a genus of filamentous cyanobacteria common in both terrestrial and aquatic habitats. ![]()
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